Advances in genetic research on autism spectrum disorders / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders. Patients usually exhibit certain degree of social interaction impairment in accompany with impairment in language development as well as repetitive behaviors or interests. In recent years, ASD-related variants, genes, functional pathways, and expression patterns in the brain have been discovered, along with advance in sequencing techniques. This article reviews various aspects of genetic research in association with ASD.

Effect of parecoxib sodium on phenotypic transformation of alveolar macrophages in a mouse model of ventilator-associated lung injury / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of parecoxib sodium on phenotypic transformation of alveolar macrophages in a mouse model of ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI).Methods:Forty-five SPF healthy adult male C57BL/6J mice, weighing 22-30 g, aged 8-12 weeks, were divided into 3 groups ( n=15 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), VALI group (V group) and parecoxib sodium group (P group). Lipopolysaccharide 20 ng was intraperitoneally injected, and 2 h later the animals were mechanically ventilated (tidal volume 30 ml/kg, respiratory rate 70 breaths/min, inspiratory/expiratory ratio 1∶2, fraction of inspired oxygen 21%, positive end-expiratory pressure 0) for 4 h to establish the model of VALI.Parecoxib sodium 30 mg/kg was intravenously injected at 1 h prior to mechanical ventilation in group P. The mice were sacrificed at 4 h of ventilation, the right lung was lavaged and the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase-1(Arg-1) in BALF and expression of phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 (p-JAK2) and phosphorylated signal transduction and transcription activator 3 (p-STAT-3) (by Western blot). The left lung was removed for determination of the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio) and for examination of the pathological changes which were scored. Results:Compared with group S, the lung injury score, W/D ratio, concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in BALF, and expression of iNOS, Arg-1, p-JAK2 and p-STAT-3 were significantly increased in V and P groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group V, the concentration of IL-10 in BALF and expression of Arg-1, p-JAK2 and p-STAT-3 were significantly increased, and the lung injury score, W/D ratio, concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF and expression of iNOS were decreased in group P ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Parecoxib sodium promotes phenotypic transformation of alveolar macrophages from M1 subtype to M2 subtype and inhibits inflammatory responses, thus alleviating VALI, which may be related to activating JAK2/STAT-3 signaling pathway in mice.

Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Zedoary Turmeric Oil Compound Liposomes / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To prepare zedoary turmeric oil compound liposomes (ZTOC-LPS) and evaluate its quality.METHODS: The preparation method of liposome, the addition amount of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), ratio of SPC to cholesterol (CH) in lipid, drug-lipid ratio of zedoary turmeric oil (ZTO), drug-lipid ratio of tretinoin in formulation, and water bath temperature were screened using encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading amount of ZTO (represented by germacrone) and tretinoin as investigation indexes. Quality evaluation and primary stability investigation were conducted for liposomes prepared by optimal preparation technology. RESULTS: The optimal preparation method was ethanol injection method; The optimal preparation technology were SPC 4 mg in 1 mL lipid, the mass ratio of SPC to CH 3:1, the ratio of ZTO to lipid 1:9, the ratio of tretinoin to lipid 1:70, water bath temperature of 55 ℃. Encapsulation efficiencies of ZTO and tretinoin were (64. 63 ± 1. 00)％ and (90. 33 土 0. 72)％ in 3 batches of ZTOC-LPS, respectively. Drug-loading amount of ZTO and tretinoin were (9. 09 ± 0. 14)％ and (1. 43 ± 0. 02)％, respectively. Particle size was (257. 41 ± 7. 58) nm, Zeta potential was (-38. 77 ± 0. 81) mV,PDI was 0. 10 ± 0. 04; the results of centrifugal acceleration test showed that the liposomes had good physical stability. No obvious change was found in each investigation index of ZTOC-LPS that stored at (4 ± 2) ℃ for 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: Established preparation technology is simple and feasible, the quality of the prepared ZTOC-LPS conforms to the requirements, and it can provide reference for the following research of ZTOC-LPS.

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with motor imagery therapy on upper limbs function of stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with motor imagery therapy on the function of upper limbs of stroke survivors.Methods Ninety-four stroke patients were randomized into a routine group (n=31),a motor imagery group (n=31),and a combination group (n =32).All the patients received basic routine rehabilitation therapy,while the routine group accepted traditional occupational therapy,the motor imagery group accepted motor imagery therapy,and the combination group accepted tDCS and motor imagery therapy.The upper limb function of the patients was assessed using Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) of upper extremities,the Hong Kong version of functional test for the hemiplegic upper extremity (FTHUE) and the modified Barthel Index (MBI) before and after 8-week treatment.Results The average FMA of the combination group and motor imagery group were (37.81 ± 12.80) and (31.39± 15.62),respectively,both significantly higher than that of the routine group (27.61± 14.90).The average FTHUE of the combination group and motor imagery group was both significantly higher than that of the routine group.Moreover,the average MBI of the combination group and motor imagery group were (57.78±7.73) and (51.87±9.31),respectively,both significantly higher than that of the routine group (45.19:t:9.07) (P＜0.05 for all).Conclusion tDCS combined with motor imagery therapy can significantly improve the upper limb function of stroke patients,significantly superior to tDCS or motor imagery therapy solely.

Effects of ARHI gene transfection on chemokines and receptors related gene expression profile of PANC1 cells / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of ARHI transfection on the chemokines and receptors related gene expression profile of PANC1 cells.Methods Plasmids expressing ARHI and empty plasmid were transfected into PANC1 cells, and the stably expressed cell lines were established by using G418.mRNA expression of chemokines and receptors related genes was detected by PCR Array.Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of the genes related vascular growth.Results In cells transfected with ARHI gene, the expression levels of mRNA of 36 genes were down-regulated, and 9 were up-regulated.Among the genes related to tumor metastasis and invasion CXCL12 and CXCR4 were significantly down-regulated (6 folds).Among the genes related to the localization of distant organ infiltration and latency, CXCL12, CXCR4 and CCR7 were significantly down-regulated,and CXCR5 was slightly down-regulated.Among the gene with tumor immunity,CXCL8,CXCR1 and CCR7 were significantly down-regulated.Gene expression of CXCL1,CXCL8,CXCR4 and CXCR3 detected by Real-time PCR were consistent with PCR array.Conclusions ARHI gene inhibits the expression of chemokines and receptors related to tumor metastasis,angiogenesis and tumor immunity.

Discussion on Wisdom Education of Medical Colleges in the Big Data Era / 医学信息学杂志

The paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges for medical education in the big data era,puts forward the wisdom way of thinking,teaching mode,examination mode,etc.of wisdom education,and explores and analyzes the big data about the learning conditions of students through the data mining technology,in order to truly achieve the teaching concept of students development oriented and individualized teaching.

Research progress of microwave ablation in the treatment of hapatic tumor / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Microwave ablation(MWA) is a significant progress in tumor non-surgical treatment in the 1990s.It is characterized by high thermal efficiency,fast heating rate,high uniform temperature field,complete necrosis of coagulation area and small influencing factors.The local treatment of the tumor shows a great advantage.In recent years,with the maturity of MWA technology,it has been widely used in the treatment of liver tumors(hapatic tumor,HT),has achieved good clinical efficacy.The aim of this study is to review the progress of treatment of HT in MWA to improve its therapeutic efficiency.

Clinical observation on ginger-partitioned moxibustion plus manual repositioning for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of ginger-partitioned moxibustion combined with manual repositioning for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods:A total of 76 BPPV cases were randomly allocated into an observation group (n=38) and a control group (n=38). Patients in the observation group received ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Tinggong (SI 19) plus manual repositioning, whereas patients in the control group received the same manual repositioning alone. Results: After 48 h of treatment, the total effective rate was 94.7% in the observation group, versus 86.8% in the control group; after 7 d of treatment, the total effective rate was 78.9% in the observation group, versus 73.7% in the control group, both showing between-group statistical differences (P<0.05). The follow-up after 3 months showed that 2 cases (6.7%) got relapse in the observation group, versus 8 cases (28.6%) in the control group, showing a statistical difference (P<0.05). The adverse reaction rate was 2.6% in the observation group, versus 21.1% in the control group, showing a statistical difference (P<0.05).Conclusion: Ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Tinggong (SI 19) plus manual repositioning can obtain better effect for BPPV than manual repositioning alone. In addition, this therapy has stable efficacy and causes less adverse reactions.

Long-term Toxicity Study of Compound Zedoary Turmeric Oil Cream for External Use in Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate toxic reaction of Compound zedoary turmeric oil cream in experimental rats with long-term consecutive transdermal administration,and to provide reference for safe use of it in the clinic. METHODS:60 SD rats were randomly divided into blank control (cream matrix) group,Compound zedoary turmeric oil cream intact skin and damaged skin low-dose and high-dose(5%,10%)groups,with 12 rats in each group,half male and half female. All of them were given relevant medicine twice a day. 92 d consecutive medication later,general situation of rats were observed,and body weight,blood routine(WBC,RBC,HGB,LYMPH,etc.)and blood biochemical indicators(AST,ALT,PA,etc.)were all detected;systemati-cal observation of organs,organ coefficient calculation and histopathology examination were carried out. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in those indicators between Compound zedoary turmeric oil cream groups and blank control group (P>0.05),except hemoglobin decreased in intact skin low-dose group,while hemoglobin decreased,LYMPH and PA increased in dam-aged skin high-dose group(P<0.05). Pathology results showed that Compound zedoary turmeric oil cream had no significant toxici-ty for the main organs. CONCLUSIONS:Compound zedoary turmeric oil cream has no long-term toxicity to experimental rats.

Antitumor effects and mechanisms of DC-CIK biotherapy combined with sorafenib against lung ade-nocarcinoma cells / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the antitumor effects and the possible mechanisms of dendrit-ic cells co-cultured with cytokine-induced killer cells(DC-CIK)in combination with sorafenib on two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines,A549 cells(harboring KRAS gene mutation)and PC-9 cells(harboring EGFR gene mutation). Methods DC and CIK cells were routinely generated in vitro by stimulating PBMCs isola-ted from lung cancer patients with different cytokines and then co-cultured after a week of culturing. Flow cy-tometry analysis(FCM)was used to analyze the phenotype of DC-CIK cells after 7 days of co-culturing. The 50% inhibitory concentration(IC50 )of sorafenib against tumor cells was detected by MTT assay. The tumor cells were treated with DC-CIK cells alone or in combination with sorafenib. The proliferation of tumor cells was tested by CCK-8 kit and dynamically monitored by real-time cellular analysis(RTCA). Annexin-V/ PI staining was used to examine the apoptosis rates in each group. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and FCM were respectively performed to detect the expression of natural killer group 2 member D ligands (NKG2DLs)at mRNA and protein levels after the treatment with sorafenib for 24 h. Results There was no significant difference between the IC50 of sorafenib against A549 and PC-9 cells after a 24-hour exposure(P﹥0. 05). Compared with the DC-CIK biotherapy,treating the tumor cells with DC-CIK cells in combination with sorafenib significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and increased the total apoptosis rates of tumor cells(P﹤0. 05). Moreover,the inhibition rates to tumor cell proliferation were enhanced along with the in-crease of effect-to-target ratio(E/ T). Compared with the single-factor treatment groups,the normalized cell index(NCI)in the combined treatment group was significantly decreased. Blocking NKG2D could abate the inhibitory effect of DC-CIK cells on tumor cell proliferation(P﹤0. 05). The expression of NKG2DLs(inclu-ding ULBP1,UBLP2 and ULBP3)on tumor cells at mRNA and protein levels were increased to different ex-tent after treating with 5 μmol/ L of sorafenib for 24 h. Conclusion There was no significant different be-tween the inhibitory effects of sorafenib on the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells harboring KRAS or EGFR gene mutation. The antitumor effects of DC-CIK cells combined with sorafenib on lung ade-nocarcinoma cells might be induced by regulating the NKG2D-NKG2DLs pathway and enhancing apoptosis. Moreover,the antitumor effects of the combined treatment were better than those of single-factor treatments.

Recent advances in genetic factor of congenital cataract / 中华实验眼科杂志

Congenital cataract is one of the leading causes of children vision impairment and blindness.Among the many causative factors,inheritance plays a critical role in the development of congenital cataract.With the development of molecular biology techniques,more than 30 genes have been found to be associated with congenital cataract,and the number is still increasing.More pathogenic genes discovery and functional researches have the important values to understand the lens biological characteristics and the cataract pathophysiology mechanism.Discovering new ways to prevent cataracts may make it possible for human to achieve individualized genetic intervention.This article reviewed the recent advances in the study of lens embryology and genes related to congenital cataract.

Angiotensin Ⅱ and receptors in rheumatoid arthritis / 中国药理学通报

Angiotensin Ⅱ and type 1 receptor ( AT1R) are ab-solutely therapeutic targets in the hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and angiotensin Ⅱ gets involved in monocytes chemo-taxis and migration, T lymphocytes activation and proliferation, Th1 and Th17 immune function, and synoviocytes apoptosis inhi-bition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) through binding to AT1R in the autocrine and/or paracarine manner. Drugs that limit angiotensin Ⅱ production by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ( ACEIs) or blockade of angiotensin Ⅱ-AT1R action by AT1R blocker ameliorate immune and inflammation responses in RA patients. Additionally, angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 receptor (AT2R) expression increases in RA and experimental model, and activation of AT2R exerts a therapeutic effect on adjuvant-in-duced arthritis. AngiotensinⅡand its receptors in RA and auto-immune diseases are retrospectively reviewed in this paper.

Foundation of the interactive oral and maxillofacial radiological image annotation database / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This project aims to establish an interactive oral and maxillofacial radiological image annotation database and to analyze its feasibility for implementation into curricula in order to develop a highly effective software for image browsing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We established the interactive image annotation database primarily on the basis of the local network and Foxit Reader. A pilot survey was then conducted to determine the performance of the interactive database. Seventy-six students were asked to complete a structured and open questionnaire related to their perceptions of using the database. Simple numeric quantitative and qualitative analyses were then applied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 542 portable document format (PDF) digital teaching images and corresponding annotated files were collected. The survey revealed that most of the students found the database useful. Approximately 87.50% of the 64 subjects who compelete questionnaire believed that the database was superior to an older system (joint photographic experts group, JPEG) of image browsing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The integration and sharing of teaching resources and the establishment of an internet-based learning platform is the key to realizing a digital medical teaching system. The established database has high potential in a wide range of practical applications.</p>

Computed tomography features of small bowel wall thickening and its clinical significance / 中华消化外科杂志

Small bowel wall thickening is one of the presentations of small bowel diseases.Conventional diagnostic methods,such as enteroscopy, barium-contrast radiography,X-ray,capsule endoscopy,and ultrasonograhy have disadvantages of low positive rate and high misdiagnosis rate.From December 2009 to December 2011,2672 patients with small bowel wall thickening were admitted to the Southwest Hospital.The location,range,degree,attenuation,enhancement feature and associated perienteric abnormalities of thickened bowel wall were studied. Differential diagnosis of tumorous and non-tumorous small bowel wall thickening,malignant and benign tumorous small bowel wall thickening,and different diseases caused nontumorous small bowel wall thickening were carried out in the study.Etiopathogenesis of small bowel wall thickening can be inferred by computed tomography,and multi-slice computed tomography plays an important role in the differential diagnosis.

Comparision on Work Fatigue between the Disabled and the Healthy / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the status of work fatigue of the disabled and the healthy so that we get to know their employment quality and compressive strength, and then provide the theory basis for the national policy formulation and vocational rehabilitation. Methods We randomly investigated 280 employees (220 disabled, 60 healthy people) in 3 companies from 3 provinces with Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS). Results There was no statistically significant difference between disabled and healthy people about work fatigue, and also that of 3 domains including psycho-social, cognitive and physical activity. After comparison of 40 items on FIS，the disabled had higher fatigue than that of the healthy in 4 items which belonged to psycho-social domain (P<0.05). Conclusion Disabled people are no less than healthy people in compression capability and working capability. They should believe in themselves, and their family and the employees should have more confidence about their work capability than before. Government should provide some support with them on job retention.

Influence of Various Packaging Methods and Controlling Method Toward Hidden Wet Pack after Steam Sterilization / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To study the influence of various packing methods and controlling method toward the hidden wet pack after steam sterilization to ensure the sterilization quality and hygiene safety.METHODS The medical equipment was packed with three types of methods,then unloaded from the steam autoclave after being cooled at different time to observe their heating speed respectively.To choose two types of cotton fabric packaging methods,prolong the heating time,and cool in the steam autoclave for 30 minutes,then observe the heating speed of the inside pack and the dry qualification status after 12 hours respectively.RESULTS The heating speed was the fastest with the medical crinkly paper method;the heating speed of the inside pack didn't have any improvement after prolonging the heating time;the dry qualification rate had distinct difference between the two types of cotton fabric methods after 12 hours(P

Change in Cleaning and Maintenances Model and Cost Saving of Rusted Medical Instruments / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To save rust remover's cost,reduce the material consuming and ensure the cleaning quality of the instruments by changing the work model.METHODS According to the key factors of the increasing cost of the medical rust remover,adjust the work model properly,that is to say,set up target by know about the problems;confirm the measurement data of the problems;analyze the problems and figure out key minority;make strategy to correct the mistakes;and make the controlling measures to ensure effective implementation.Enforce organization management,and remove the rust collectively and grouply by time,by ration and by certain number of people.RESULTS The rust remover cost had been saved greatly and the cleaning quality had been improved distinctly,the number of scrapped medical instrument had been reduced.Compared with the period before improvement,it had statistic significance on difference(P

Lubricant Oil for Medical Surgical Instruments:Two Application Methods / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To explore the two application methods of medical lubricant oil to avoid the high cost and secondary contamination problems.METHODS The spray and immersion methods of lubricant oil to maintain the medical equipment were adopted and compared its bacterial reproducing status after dilution and weekly oil cost.RESULTS The spray method was better than the immersion method,The bacterial reproduction was not found by the oil spray method for over 48 h and the weekly lubricant oil dosage was 200 ml,but in the immersion method the bacterial contamination rate was 100% at the sametime in its dilnted oil and the weekly lubricant oil dogase was 800ml.CONCLUSIONS For the manual method to wash the equipment,spray method can maintain the equipment to avoid the secondary contamination problem and save the lubricant oil dosage and cost.

Nursing for Coronary Angiography with Dual Source Spiral CT / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To minimize unfavorable factors and elevate accuracy of coronary angiography, nursing must be paid more attention. Methods Siemens 64-slice dual source CT , double tube high pressure syringe of MeoRao company, electrocardiogating, non-ion constrast medium are applied. 100 patients, including 65 males and 35 females are involved. Their age ranges 35-81 years old,and average age is 58. Results 96 cases are successful, 4 cases are failed. Conclusion Nursing work is an important factor of coronary angiography. Good nursing may gurantee coronary angiography.

Investigation and Application of Two-Point Two-Line Vein Pricking of High Pressure Injector / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design two-point two-line vein pricking for avoiding pain for patients and blood osmosis out of the vein caused by the high-pressure and fast-speed of the current high-pressure injector.Methods 19G butterfly-wing vein transfusion needle in the length of 19mm was used.The first point was needled with the needle tip under the skin and the first needling line was above and parallel the blood vessel in the length of 10-12mm.The second point was needled,with the second needle tip and needle line in the blood vessel,and the length of needling is 7-9mm.Results 100 persons were subjected.All the contrast medium and the physiologic saline were injected in vein in 98 persons,among which 2 had little hard tubercle in injecting area.Conclusion The two-point two-line vein pricking is safe for high pressure injector injecting in vein,and can prevent blood osmosis out of the vein.